Aeromonads
is genus comprising of gram negative bacteria. These are non spore
forming, rod shaped bacteria and require anaerobic environment for
growth. Aeromonads bacteria are widely distributed in fresh water
bodies and marine water environment. These can grow at large range of
temperatures, and causes wide spectrum of infectious diseases in warm
and cold blooded animals such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles,
mammals and humans as well. The genus Aeromonads consist of more than
13 species out of which Aeromonads hydrophila, Aeromonads caviae,
Aeromonads sobria, Aeromonads veronii, and Aeromonads schubertii, and
Aeromonads salmonicida are responsible for infections in humans.
An
Aeromonads bacteria affects human in two major diseases forms namely
gastroenteritis and wound infection. The infection relating to
gastroenteritis is associated with diarrheal illness and septicemia
along with nausea and vomiting. The later stage of this infection can
cause severe colitis and pancreatitis. This can affect humans across
all ages and both genders, whereas majority of the infections are
acquired by foreign travelling. There are very few cases of wound
infection but can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated early. Now
days there are cases emerging of Aeromonad infection in Urinary
Tract, respiratory tract and dermal surface of the body. Aeromonad
diagnosis is vital part of treatment because of its resistance to
various antibiotics such as erythromycin, cephalosporin, and
penicillin.
Though
the microorganism has presence in entire world, according to a
research study Aeromonads infection cases occurs more in developing
countries due to contamination of drinking water, consuming infected
foods among other factors. Geographically Aeromonads infection cases
can be segmented in Asia Pacific regions, Africa, Europe, South
America and North America. A report mentioned that in 2012, out of
total diarrheal cases of travelers to developing countries, 2% are
because of Aeromonads infections. The delayed or improper treatment
can cause even death or life threatening diseases in infected people.
As Aeromonads infections symptoms mimic other infections it is
critical to diagnose Aeromonads infection in humans.
There
are several methods for identification and diagnosis of Aeromonads
infection which includes culture cultivation technique, enzyme linked
immunoassay (ELISA) technique and the advanced PCR assay testing by
isolation of bacteria DNA. This is the most accurate and reliable
method of diagnosing presence of Aeromonads infection but at the same
time is involves significant cost and training. This process
comprises of rapid isolation of high quality DNA with high
sensitivity and specificity which are then compared and recognized.
Aeromonads
infections occurs among people from developed countries such as The
USA, Europe and major countries within the region, Japan, Australia,
frequent travelers to African region, Middle Eastern and Asian
countries. This infection is also causing considerable burden on
various economies in the world and ultimately costing millions of
dollars to the governments on healthcare expenditure. Therefore
market for diagnostic testing of Aeromonads infection will continue
to grow. The market for Aeromonads diagnostic testing can be divided
industry wise among food processing industry, hospitals, government
agencies such as municipal corporations, aquatic or marine animal
based industries and different academic institutions.
Some
of the key players in Aeromonads infection diagnosis testing market
are Hardy Diagnostics, Becton Dickinson and Company, DuPont Qualicon,
Thermo Scientific, Life Technologies, AmpliSens Biotechnologies and
Qiagen.
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