Thursday, 9 April 2015

Global Market for Intra-Dialytic Hypo-tension - Industry Segments and Forecast up to 2020

Most of the people who are suffering from end-stage renal disease undergo hemodialysis, and is often accompanied by recurrent and troubling side-effects, which are referred to as intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH). IDH has been estimated to affect around 15% to 55% of all patients undergoing hemodialysis. Some of the major symptoms of IDH include nausea, diaphoresis and cramps, to more precarious conditions that include angina pectoris, arrhythmias, seizures, unconsciousness and even cardiac arrests. IDH is mainly caused due to inefficient cardiovascular response to the reduced blood volume, which is bound to occur due to the removal of large volumes of water in a very short span. As a typical hemodialysis procedure involves the removal of an ultrafiltrate volume of water from the patient’s body, which is equal to or even greater than the entire blood plasma of the patient.
The occurrence of IDH would increase further due to ageing population that exhibit greater comorbidities, such as cardiovascular problems and diabetes, thus making IDH a problem that requires extensive rethinking and innovation. Several drug developers and manufacturers are involved in extensive research and development and many of them have a considerable number of drugs in different stages of clinical trials in this field. Some of the important drugs that are in different stages of clinical trials that will soon be commercialized in the global market include, MTR107, Droxidopa, Mannitol, Northera and Norathiol among others.
Some of the major driving factors for the growth of this market include, high number of patients undergoing hemodialysis, aging population, rising demand for advanced therapeutics, high number of drugs in the pipeline and rising awareness and affordability of the people globally. At present, many people are undergoing hemodialysis due to kidney failure or end stage renal diseases, which in turn increase the chances of developing IDH, thus, will contribute towards the growth of this market in future. Also, aged individuals increasingly require hemodialysis, hence are more prone towards IDH, hence will add to this market’s growth in future. Comorbidities such as, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases also increase the chances of developing renal disorders, hence in turn will increase IDH occurrences, hence the demand for advanced therapeutics. Thus, rising awareness and demand along with high number of pipeline drugs that will soon be commercialized in the global market will augment the growth of this market in the near future.
Geographically, North America and Europe are expected to dominate the global intra-dialytic hypotension market. Some of the key factors that are expected to be responsible for their dominance in this market are high number of patients undergoing renal hemodialysis along with the presence of large geriatric population in these regions. Most of the companies that are involved in the research and development activities in this field and have a few drugs in the pipeline also belong to these regions. Thus, it is expected that these regions will largely dominate this market in future. However, Asia Pacific that constitutes some of the fastest emerging economies of the world along with increasing number of patients with renal diseases will help grow this market in this region in future.
Some of the major players having their drugs in different stages of clinical trials in this market include, Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc., B. Braun Melsungen AG, Chelsea Therapeutics, Inc., Global Monitors, Inc., Medinox, Inc., Meditor Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and Wolfson Medical Center.
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Pneumatic Nebulizers Industry Research, Outlook, Product and Forecast up to 2020

The term pneumatic is referred to as using air or similar gas and a nebulizer is defined as an instrument that converts liquid into fine spray or mist. Thus, pneumatic nebulizer involves pressurized gas supply that helps push medication toward the mouth. Compressed gas is delivered through jet (valve) that creates negative pressure on the medication tank. The solution (medicine) to be aerosolized is first introduced in the gas stream and then sheared into a liquid film. This liquid film is unstable which rapidly breaks the solution into droplets due to the surface tension created by the tank wall. A baffle is placed in the aerosol stream, which helps in the formation of small particles and recycling the large particles to medication tank.
Pneumatic nebulizers are the most common type of nebulizers used by patients. These are suitable for almost all kinds of medication. Moreover, these are easy to handle and less expensive compared to other nebulizers (ultrasonic, mesh). Thus, the factors mentioned above drive the growth of the global pneumatic nebulizers market. Pneumatic nebulizers are further segmented into vented pneumatic nebulizers and breath-actuated pneumatic nebulizers.
Vented pneumatic nebulizers use two similar one-way valves which prevent the loss of aerosol in the environment. At the time of inhalation, the respiratory valve opens and gas vents through the nebulizer. During exhalation, the gas passes through another tube present in the mouth of the patient. Usage of two similar one-way valves reduces the risk of contamination as the patient does not exhale into the reservoir. Vented nebulizers are designed to release higher quantity of aerosol during inhalation. These nebulizers are compatible with almost all kinds of compressors and reduce the formation of waste in the tube. In addition, less pressure is required for drug delivery, which makes it more suitable for all age groups. This above mentioned factor accentuates the global market demand of vented pneumatic nebulizer.
Breath-actuated pneumatic nebulizers increase the aerosol drug delivery by generating aerosol at the time of inhalation. These devices produce aerosol only when the patient inhales. Thus, the drug is continuously being aerosolized, loss of drug is less and delivery is more efficient. There are three types of mechanisms used in breath-actuated pneumatic nebulizer drug delivery: manual breath-actuated, mechanical breath-actuated and microprocessor breath-actuated. Manual breath-actuated mechanism involves the thumb control regulation of aerosol production during inhalation and exhalation. Mechanical breath-actuated mechanism uses a valve that controls aerosol production during inhalation. This mechanism eliminates the utilization of storage bag or tank. Microprocessor breath-actuated nebulizer uses a compressor actuated by an electronic circuit which controls aerosol production during inhalation.
Breath-actuated pneumatic nebulizers reduce drug wastage at the time of delivery and are more efficient compared to vented nebulizers. Thus, all the factors mentioned above collectively drive the demand for breath-actuated pneumatic nebulizers. However, technological complications, loss of medication in the spray chamber during delivery associated with pneumatic nebulizers would restrict the overall market growth during the study period.
North America and Europe dominates the global market of pneumatic nebulizers due to rising prevalence of various respiratory disorders (asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and increasing geriatric population. Furthermore, government initiatives drive the pneumatic nebulizers market in North America and Europe. Asia-Pacific is considered as an emerging market due to growing market penetration in this region. Asian market growth will be fuelled by the presence of untapped opportunities due to extensive increase in the healthcare infrastructure (healthcare cost, healthcare facility and healthcare budget). Rest of the world (RoW) holds fourth position in the global pneumatic nebulizers market due to poor economic and health condition in most of the African countries.
Various key players contributing the global market share of pneumatic nebulizers includes Allied Healthcare Products, Inc., CareFusion Corporation, GE Healthcare Ltd., PARI Respiratory Equipment Inc. and Omron Healthcare, Inc.
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